New types of Hall-effect sensors do not measure the absolute magnetic field anymore. So-called direct angle sensors capture the field vector by measuring sine and cosine cmoponents of the magnetic field. This is possible due to the new 3D HAL technology from Micronas. Vertical Hall plates measure the magnetic field cmponents in the chip plane and not the components perpendicular to the chip surface. These kind of sensors provide angular and position information directly via an output signal proportional to the measured angle or position.